Kali Linux is an
open-source operating system developed by Offensive Security. It contains a
bunch of security tools divided by categories for Penetration Testing or
Ethical Hacking in a practical environment to test the reliability and security
of the systems in unusual situations.
1. Date Command –
This command is
generally used to display the system date and time. You can also set a custom
date by typing the below command in your terminal.
Syntax – “date –set=’2
2. Cal Command –
The cal command
simply displays a formatted calendar of the current month in your terminal screen.
If in case, you need an advanced version of cal, then you can also
download local package in your Linux machine which displays
the calendar vertically along with more options.
3. whoami Command –
The whoami command simply prints the effective user ID
whereas who command prints the information about users who
are currently logged in.
You can also use
the “w” command to see who is logged on and what they are
doing.
4. pwd Command –
PWD stands for “Print Working Directory” which simply prints the name
of the working directory or you can directly use the below command to use pwd.
Syntax – “/bin/PWD”
5. ls Command –
This command is one
of the most useful command in Kali Linux that lists directory contents of files
and directories. With ls command, you can easily list out all hidden files of a
directory with -an attribute and for more detailed output
you can use -l attribute.
Syntax: ls -al
6. cd Command –
The cd command also
known as chdir (Change Directory) is a command used to
change/switch the current working directory.
7. mkdir Command –
The command used
for creating directories is mkdir. For example,
if you want to create a directory under Desktop called yeahhub, open a terminal and type the following
command:
Command: mkdir
/root/Desktop/yeahhub
8. cat Command –
The cat
(concatenate) the command is one of the most frequently used command in Kali Linux
which allows us to create single or multiple files, view contain the file,
concatenate files and redirect output in terminal or files.
Generally, the cat the command is used for displaying the contents of a file.
9. cp Command –
This command is
used to copy files or group of files or directory which creates an exact image
of a file on a disk with a different file name.
10. mv Command –
The mv command moves, or renames, files and
directories on your file system.
11. rm Command –
The rm (remove) command is used to delete files. When
used recursively, it may be used to delete directories.
The removal process
unlinks a file name in a file system from its associated data, and marks that
space on the storage device as usable by future writes. In other words, when
you remove a file, the data in the file isn’t changed, but it’s no longer
associated with a filename.
12. uname Command –
This command prints information about the current system. The uname command within Linux
allows you to view system information about your Linux environment.
With uname -a command, which gives you more information
about the system like Kernel Name, Node Name, Kernel Release, Kernel Version,
Machine, Processor, Hardware Platform and Operating system.
13. uptime Command –
The uptime command
gives you the time for which the system has been up (or running). Uptime’s
basic usage is very easy – just write the command’s name and press enter.
In case you just
want to know the time for which the system has been up, and that too in a more
human-readable format, use the -p command line
option.
14. users Command –
This command
display login names of users currently logged in on the system.
15. less Command –
less command is
used to view files instead of opening the file. The less command is considered to be a more powerful
version of the “more” command which is used to display information to the
terminal one page at a time.
You can view any
text file using the less command simply by typing the following into a terminal
window:
Command: less
/etc/passwd
16. more Command –
The more command
allows you to display output in the terminal one page at a time. This is
especially useful when running a command which causes a lot of scrolling such
as the ls command or the du command.
The more command
works with any application that outputs to the screen. A good way of
testing this is to type the following into a terminal window:
Command: more
/etc/passwd
17. sort Command –
The sort command sorts
the contents of a text file, line by line. The sort is a standard command-line a program that print the lines of its input or concatenation of all files listed
in its argument list in sorted order.
With -r switch, you can sort the contents of any file
in reverse order.
18. vi Command –
The vi editor is a
screen editor that is available on almost all UNIX systems. In general, vi has
two modes: the command mode and the insert mode.
To begin entering
text in an empty file, you must first change from the command mode to the
insert mode. To do this, type the letter i. When you start
typing, anything you type will be entered into the file.
Type a few short
lines and hit Return at the end of each line. Unlike word processors, vi does not use word wrap. It will break a line at
the edge of the screen. If you make a mistake, you can use the Backspace key to
remove your errors. If the Backspace key doesn’t work properly on your system,
try using the Ctrl h key combination.
19. free Command –
free is a command
which can give us valuable information on available RAM in the Linux machine. It
also gives information about the total used and available space of physical memory
and swap memory with buffers used by the kernel.
Free command with -t option, will list the total line at the
end.
20. history Command –
One of the
extensively used command in Kali Linux is history command.
The bash shell stores a history of commands entered, which can be used to
repeat commands by using the history command.
In a simple manner,
you can run the history command by itself and
will simply print out the bash history of the current user to the screen as shown
below:
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